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101.
An economic evaluation of management strategies to mitigate the negative effect of twinning in dairy herds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. Mur-Novales F. Lopez-Gatius P.M. Fricke V.E. Cabrera 《Journal of dairy science》2018,101(9):8335-8349
Our objectives were to develop an economic model to estimate the economic impact of twinning in dairy cows and to evaluate management strategies to mitigate the negative economic impact of twinning in dairy herds. A probabilistic tree considering spontaneous embryo reduction, early pregnancy loss, abortion, metritis, retained placenta, and culling rate at 120 d of the second, at the end of the second, and at the end of the third lactation was developed for a single pregnancy; we also developed 3 management options upon diagnosis of a twin pregnancy: (1) do nothing, (2) induce abortion using PGF2α, or (3) attempt manual embryo reduction. A value was given to each branch of the tree by simulating cow states on a farm for 1,400 d to encompass 4 consecutive lactations. The incomes considered in the simulations included milk income over feed cost, income from calves, and slaughter value upon culling. The expenses taken into account depending on each branch included additional inseminations and synchronization protocols, embryo reduction, induction of abortion, replacement heifers, and costs due to metritis and retained placenta. The gross value for a singleton pregnancy and the 3 management options upon diagnosis of a twin pregnancy were calculated by adding the value of all braches multiplied by their probability. The costs for the 3 management options were calculated by subtracting its gross value minus the gross value of a singleton pregnancy. The negative economic impact of a twin pregnancy ranged from $97 to $225 depending on the type of twin pregnancy (unilateral vs. bilateral), parity, and DIM when the twin pregnancy occurred. The overall negative economic impact of twinning on dairy farm profitability in the United States was estimated to be $96 million per year. Attempting manual embryo reduction early during gestation upon diagnosis of a twin pregnancy was the optimal management strategy for mitigating the negative economic impact of twinning under a wide variety of scenarios. 相似文献
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103.
Tarasov M. A. Chekushkin A. M. Yusupov R. A. Gunbina A. A. Edelman V. S. 《Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics》2020,65(1):60-68
Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics - Abstract—Arrays of planar annular antennas in the 345 GHz range with integrated superconductor–insulator–normal... 相似文献
104.
M. Jeyakanthan Uma Subramanian R. B. Tangsali 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2018,29(3):1914-1924
CoWO4/PbWO4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized at room temperature (RT) by co-precipitation route without using any templates or surfactants and sintered at 600 °C for good crystallization. The sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and Zeta potential measurements. UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and PL lifetime were studied at RT. The results indicate that the composites have two-phase composition: CoWO4 and PbWO4. SEM micrograph and zeta potential measurements reveal particle agglomeration. The intrinsic PL peak emission at 467 nm of CoWO4 nano sample was enhanced upto four times by optimizing the atomic ratio of Pb/Co concentration. The interconnected interface of CoWO4/PbWO4 nanocomposites could have led to increase in number of recombination of electron hole pairs in CoWO4 and enhanced its intrinsic PL emission intensity. The mechanism of enhanced PL emission for the CoWO4/PbWO4 nanocomposites can be attributed to charge transfer between [WO4]2? and [WO6]6? complexes due to intra particle agglomeration leading to possible interface. 相似文献
105.
Kasper T. Møller Mathias Jørgensen Jacob G. Andreasen Jørgen Skibsted Zbigniew Łodziana Yaroslav Filinchuk Torben R. Jensen 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(1):311-321
A new potassium tetraamidoboranealuminate, K[Al(NH2BH3)4], has been synthesized by a mechanochemical reaction between KAlH4 and NH3BH3. The compound, K[Al(NH2BH3)4], crystallizes in a triclinic unit cell with space group symmetry P?1. The crystal structure consists of [K(NH2BH3)6]5? octahedra which facilitate the bridging between K+ in 1D chains, while also bridging K+ to Al3+ to connect the 1D chains in a 3D network. Thermal analysis reveals that K[Al(NH2BH3)4] decomposes in two exothermic steps at T ~ 94 and 138 °C and releases primarily hydrogen. The total gas release amounts to ~6.0 wt% H2. The decomposition products are investigated ex situ by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and 11B and 27Al NMR and identified as KBH4 and amorphous phases, possibly BN3, N2BH, and/or NBH2 whereas aluminum is found in four-, five-, and six-fold coordination. Unfortunately, the decomposed sample shows no hydrogen absorption at T = 260 °C and p(H2) = 110 bar. 相似文献
106.
107.
H. R. Ossareh 《International journal of control》2020,93(1):113-125
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the problem of constraint management in Linear Periodic (LP) systems using Reference Governors (RG). First, we introduce the periodic-invariant maximal output admissible sets for LP systems. We extend the earlier results in the literature to Lyapunov stable LP systems with output constraints, which arise in RG applications. We show that, while the invariant sets for these systems may not be finitely determined, a finitely-determined inner approximation, which is periodically invariant, can be obtained by constraint tightening. We then analyze the geometric and algebraic relationship between these sets and show that these sets are related via simple transformations, implying that it suffices to compute only one of them for real-time applications. This greatly reduces the memory burden of RG (or other similar constraint management strategies), at the expense of an increase in processing requirements. We present a thorough analysis of this trade-off. In the second part of this paper, we present two RG formulations, and discuss their properties and algorithms for their computation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. 相似文献
108.
109.
Davydov S. Ya. Apakashev R. A. Mikhalitsin A. A. Mikhalitsina O. V. Kataev A. V. 《Refractories and Industrial Ceramics》2020,61(1):14-16
Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - An experimental study was performed to break down a sample of a by-product of the autoclave production of artificial quartz crystals using a pilot... 相似文献
110.